Syntenin-1 is the most abundant protein in evs

<p>Tetraspanins like <a class="wikilink" href="/cd9/">CD9</a>, <a class="wikilink" href="/cd63/">CD63</a>, and <a class="wikilink" href="/cd81/">CD81</a> are often used as markers for <a class="wikilink" href="/ev/">EV</a>'s, however <a class="wikilink" href="/cd9_and_cd63_are_used_as_biomarkers_in_evs_but_they_can_change_from_cell_line_to_cell_line/">CD9 and CD63 are used as biomarkers in EVs but they can change from cell line to cell line</a>. A thorough analysis of the proteome identified <a class="wikilink" href="/syntenin-1/">syntenin-1</a> as the highest abundant protein and putative universal biomarker[<a class="litnote tooltip" href="/literature/@kugeratski2021">@kugeratski2021<span class="tooltiptext">Quantitative proteomics identifies the core proteome of exosomes with syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a putative universal biomarker</span></a>]. </p> <p>However, the biggest challenge is that <a class="wikilink" href="/syntenin-1/">syntenin-1</a> is an intraluminal protein and therefore requires permebealization of the membrane to be used as a marker. The image bellow [<a class="litnote tooltip" href="/literature/@kugeratski2021">@kugeratski2021<span class="tooltiptext">Quantitative proteomics identifies the core proteome of exosomes with syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a putative universal biomarker</span></a>] shows the difference with the use of CD63:</p> <p><img alt="Syntenin-1 in permeabilized EVs and non-permeablized EVs as compared to CD63" src="/images/syntenin-1_permeablized_ev.png" /></p> <p>Therefore, <a class="wikilink" href="/syntenin-1/">syntenin-1</a> is an abundant protein but may not be the best marker to use in real-life experiments, and much less for any <em>in-vivo</em> assay.</p>