Molecular shot noise

When working at low concentrations (see: why pushing sensitivity of assays, Simoa, literature/202212291648 Optical methods for single molecule analysis), there is a fundamental limit known as Poisson Sampling. In essence, a rule of thumb to have a statistical significant result is to measure at least 10000 molecules[@walt2013Optical Methods for Single Molecule Detection and Analysis]. Using that the error is approximately $\sqrt{n}$, with 10000 molecules one gets an error of 100 (1%).